Joseph G. McCoy was the founder of the cattle trade in Kansas, the originator of the Abilene Cattle Trail, and a cattle baron in his own right. McCoy was born in Sangamon County, Illinois, on December 21, 1837, the youngest of eleven children to David and Mary (Kirkpatrick) McCoy, natives of Virginia and Kentucky, respectively. He was educated in public schools and at Knox College. In 1861, he started in the cattle business and married Sarah Epler on October 22nd.

In 1867, he conceived the idea of establishing a cattle shipping depot somewhere in the West and knew that the railroad companies were interested in expanding their freight operations. He soon selected Abilene, Kansas, and opened the Abilene Trail through Indian Territory from Texas.

Some people sneered at his ideas, but he demonstrated their practicability. McCoy also built a hotel called the Drover’s Cottage, a stockyard, office, and bank in the little village along the Union Pacific Railroad that would serve as the shipping point.

By October 1871, the citizens of Abilene had had enough of the rowdiness and lawlessness created by the cattle drives. The city fathers told the Texans there could be no more cattle drives through their town and dismissed Hickok as city marshal in December. It was the last big year for Abilene, as more than 40,000 head of cattle were shipped out by rail.  New railheads were built to Newton, Wichita, and Ellsworth, becoming the favored shipping points. During its four-year reign, over three million head of cattle were driven up the Chisholm Trail and shipped from Abilene. With the cowboys gone, the town quieted down into a peaceful, law-abiding community.

In the meantime, McCoy’s personal fortune had been exhausted by constant promotion, a family to support, and the shifting winds of the volatile livestock market. His time as an Abilene Cattle Baron had come to an end. He spent some time traveling to some of the new cowtowns, but by 1872 was living in Wichita, where he became a promotion agent for American and Texas Refrigerator Car and began to document his experiences in a book entitled Historic Sketches of the Cattle Trade of the West and Southwest, which was published in 1874. In 1880, he was commissioned as a livestock dealer in Kansas City, Missouri, and was employed by the U.S. Census Bureau to report on the livestock industry for the eleventh census. Some years later, he was serving as an agent for the Cherokee Nation and living in Oklahoma. By 1890, he had returned to Kansas and run unsuccessfully for the U.S. Congress.

Joseph McCoy died in Kansas City, Missouri, on October 19, 1915. One story about the cattle baron alleges that McCoy bragged before leaving Chicago that he would bring 200,000 head in 10 years, and that he actually brought 2,000,000 head in four years, which led to the phrase “It’s the Real McCoy.” However, the origin of the phrase is probably from a Scottish poem published in 1856 that used “The real MacKay.” Other associations of the phrase include inventor Elijah McCoy’s oil-drip cup, which many railroad engineers preferred over other “inferior” products.