Located in Prairie Crow Canyon, 25 miles southwest of the other mine camps of the Vermejo Park Ranch, Koehler (pronounced KAY-lor), New Mexico, was named for Henry Koehler Jr., a banker from St. Louis, Missouri, who was a major investor of the St. Louis, Rocky Mountain & Pacific Company and on the board of the Maxwell Land Grant Company.

Koehler’s 4-6 foot coal veins were first charted in 1898. Some mining activities began around 1903, and a large, two-story schoolhouse was constructed in 1905. Full-scale coal mining began in 1906.

A post office was established, and the railroad extended its line to Koehler in 1907. By this time, the town had an electric generating plant, a doctor’s office, several stores, three boarding houses, a bathhouse, and an amusement hall, which showed movies on Wednesday nights and held dances on Saturday nights. The saloon was a “tremendous barn-like structure” over 100 feet long on a side. There were 158 houses, the first of which had been built eight in a row at the east end of town.

Koehler gradually expanded, operating 210 beehive-shaped coke ovens that produced 3,500 tons of coke and a coal washing plant. The company also expanded into Waldron Canyon, west of Koehler, where miners worked.

In 1908, a reservoir was constructed on a hill high above the town, and water was delivered to the town through gravity lines. By this time, there was electricity in all houses.

In 1910, a meatpacking plant was built at Koehler Junction, about one mile from the town.

Koehler’s peak period of activity was from 1909 to about 1920, when the town had a population of 1,090.

A fire in Koehler in 1923 leveled the two-story schoolhouse and surrounding buildings. It was never rebuilt. The miners went on strike the same year, and 600 soldiers and militia were brought in to ensure no violence. The troops camped at Koehler Junction, a mile east of town.

Demand for coal dropped in 1924, and the mines were closed for twelve years, but the post office remained until 1932.

By 1936, the coal industry had revived, and J. Van Houten, head of operations, ordered the installation of new equipment for $200,000. However, it was 1940 before the mines reopened, and only one was in production on a limited basis with a skeleton crew. By this time, many railroads, notably the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad, the regional carrier, were converting to oil for fuel.

The post office reopened in 1943, but by 1953, production amounted to only 57 tons of coal, which was used chiefly for domestic purposes by surrounding towns.

In 1955, Kaiser Steel Corp. purchased the property and razed many buildings. The post office remained open until 1957, when it closed its doors for the final time.

In June 1958, an electrical fire began in the Koehler mine and lasted until October 1959.

Today, Koehler is the only mining camp on the Vermejo Park Ranch that still displays structures from its past, including the doctor’s office, a shop, several residences, and the processing plant. The coke ovens were partly destroyed for salvage.

Koehler is about 22 miles southwest of Raton on the Vermejo Park Ranch. All access to the town is blocked off, except for ranch guests who pay a hefty price for a night’s lodging.

 

©Kathy Alexander/Legends of America, updated November 2025.

Also See:

Coal Mining Towns of the Vermejo Park Ranch

Ghost Towns Across America

New Mexico Ghost Towns

St. Louis, Rocky Mountain & Pacific Company

Sources:

New Mexico Archaeology
New Mexico Geological Society
Sherman, James & Barbara; Ghost Towns and Mining Camps of New Mexico, University of Oklahoma Press, 1975
Varney, Philip; New Mexico’s Best Ghost Towns: A Practical Guide; University of New Mexico Press, 1987