Fort Titus today by Kathy Alexander.
Fort Titus, Kansas, was a pro-slavery stronghold during the Kansas-Missouri Border War that preceded the Civil War.
During the fight to decide whether Kansas would be a Free-State or a pro-slavery state, the capital moved several times. In the spring of 1855, the official capital of Kansas Territory was in Lecompton, Kansas, and was governed by pro-slavery advocates. However, many settlers had moved to Kansas Territory specifically to ensure it would become a Free-State, and many lived in nearby Lawrence, Kansas, the unofficial Free-State capital. The tensions between these two factions erupted in what is known as the Kansas-Missouri Border War. One of the main pro-slavery advocates was Colonel Henry T. Titus, who built a fortified log house about two miles South of Lecompton, which soon became a rendezvous point for pro-slavery men.
After Free-State men had destroyed another slavery stronghold referred to as Fort Saunders on August 15, 1856, the Jayhawkers turned their attention to Fort Titus the following day. At dawn, some 400 Free-Staters, divided into two parties, surrounded Fort Titus, and a cannon was pointed directly at the fortified cabin. In the battle that ensued, the Free-State men killed one man and wounded six others, including Colonel Titus.
When the pro-slavery advocates finally surrendered, the Jayhawkers captured some 400 muskets, a large number of knives and pistols, 13 horses, several wagons, supplies and provisions, $10,000 in gold and bank drafts, and 34 prisoners. However, the Jayhawkers also suffered in the battle, with six men wounded and one killed. The victors then burned Fort Titus to the ground, and the prisoners were taken to Lawrence, where they were “exchanged” on August 18 under a treaty made between Governor Wilson Shannon and the Free-State leaders.
Today, the Lecompton Historical Society rebuilt the Titus cabin, and it sits about 100 yards Southeast of the Territorial Capitol Museum.
©Kathy Alexander/Legends of America, updated October 2026.
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