Named for Colfax County, Colfax, New Mexico, got its start in early 1908 when the New Mexico Sales Company, developers of the St. Louis, Rocky Mountain, and Pacific Railroad, thought they could profit from developing land west of the Vermejo River. By heavily advertising the area as “on two railroads, near mountains, rich with game, and close to other towns,” they should have succeeded, but they didn’t.

Located just 12 miles northeast of Cimarron and some six miles from the growing coal mining camp of Dawson, their aggressive promotional campaign, which included thousands of letters sent to potential prospects, focused on luring farmers to the area. Perhaps that was part of the problem, as today no farms can be seen in the region, which is dominated by ranch land and livestock.

However, the promoters did have some initial success, and by 1908, a post office was opened; soon, the small community boasted a combination school-church, a gas station, a general merchandise store, and the Dickman Hotel (later known as the Colfax Hotel)

The town never flourished as promoters had hoped, and by 1921, the post office had closed. Other businesses and people remained in the area until the Great Depression, when high gasoline prices forced most people to give up driving. Most moved to the nearby towns of Dawson, Raton, Springer, and Cimarron. However, the school remained open until 1939. Today, nothing is left of the old settlement but ruins, hulking foundations, and tumbled boxcars.

Located just off the highway, I remember visiting this place as a child when the hotel was still standing and even then, thinking, “Oh, my gosh, someone’s going to steal that hotel sign.” Though what’s left of the old town today sits behind a fence, its proximity to the highway no doubt shaped much of Colfax’s fate over the years.

The old townsite is located about 11 miles northeast of Cimarron, New Mexico, on Highway 64.

 

©Kathy Alexander/Legends of America, updated September 2026.

Also See:

Cimarron – Wild and Baudy Boomtown

The Ghosts of Dawson

Colfax & Union Counties Photo Print Gallery

New Mexico Ghost Towns

Ghost Towns (main page)

Ghost Town Photo Galleries

See Sources.