Occaneechi Logo.
In the 17th Century, the Occaneechi Tribe lived primarily on a large, four-mile-long Occaneechi Island and east of the confluence of the Dan and Roanoke Rivers, near present-day Clarksville, Virginia. They were Siouan-speaking and thus related to the Saponi, Tutelo, Eno, and other Southeastern Siouan-language peoples living in the Piedmont region of present-day North Carolina and Virginia.
In 1676, during Bacon’s Rebellion, militias from the Colony of Virginia attacked the tribe and decimated it. Also, under demographic pressure from European settlements and newly introduced infectious diseases, the Saponi and Tutelo came to live near the Occaneechi on adjacent islands. By 1714, the Occaneechi moved to join the Tutelo, Saponi, and other Siouan people living on a 36-square-mile reservation in Brunswick County, Virginia. It included a fort called Christanna. The Siouan population in the area was drastically reduced to approximately 600. Fort Christanna closed in 1717, after which few written references remain of the Occaneechi. Colonists recorded that they left the area in 1740 and migrated North for protection with the Iroquois.
Although circumstantial evidence suggests that at least some of the remaining Occaneechi may have migrated northward with the Tutelo and Saponi to Pennsylvania and New York, a small community of Indians in North Carolina’s Orange and Alamance Counties, known as the Occaneechi Band of Saponi Nation, claims descent from the 18th-century Occaneechi and was officially recognized by the state of North Carolina in 2001.
© Kathy Alexander/Legends of America, updated September 2026.
Also See:
List of Notable Native Americans
Native American Heroes and Legends
Native American Photo Galleries
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