Thomas J. Hodges, also known as Tom Bell and the “Outlaw Doc,” was a physician, stagecoach robber, and leader of an outlaw gang in California.

Hodges was born in Alabama in 1826 and raised in Rome, Tennessee, by an upstanding family. He received a good education, went to medical school, and became a surgeon. Not long afterward, he joined the U.S. Army. He fought in the Mexican-American War, where he served honorably as a non-commissioned officer and became an expert with a rifle and bayonet.

He was said to have stood over six feet tall, had blue eyes, sandy hair, and a blond mustache and goatee, and was known for his natural leadership abilities. People were drawn to him.

When the war ended, he traveled westward to seek his fortune in the California Gold Rush. However, he soon found that making money in gold mining was much harder than he imagined. He then tried his hand as a professional gambler from one mining camp to another. Unfortunately, he was not very good at this and lost all his money. He then turned to crime and stole eleven mules, which he sold for a modest profit. However, he was tracked down and arrested.

In 1855, the court sentenced Bell to a five-year prison term at Angel Island outside of San Francisco. There, he met another outlaw named Bill Gristy. Sometime later, the two, along with Ned Connor and Jim Smith, escaped. They then formed an outlaw gang and, by the spring and summer of 1856, regularly robbed lonely travelers, mercantiles, saloons, cattle ranchers, pack trains, and wagons in the gold rush camps in the Sierra Nevada.

On August 12, 1856, they attempted to rob the Camptonville-Maryville stagecoach carrying $100,000 worth of gold bullion. In an exchange of gunfire, a woman and two male passengers were killed before the stagecoach guards drove off the gang.

The next day, details of the brutal crime headlined the Marysville newspaper, and the entire countryside was up in arms for Bell’s capture. Both a sheriff’s posse and citizen vigilantes conducted a massive search for the gang.

One by one, Bell’s gang members were either caught or killed. By late September, Bill Gristy was captured, and under threat of being turned over to the irate lynch mob outside the jail, he confessed the location of Tom Bell. The Stockton Sheriff then raced to arrest him, but he arrived too late. When he found Bell near Firebaugh’s Ferry outside Nevada City, California, on October 4, 1856, an impromptu posse commanded by Judge George Gordon Belt, a Merced River rancher, had already hanged him from a tree.

The 26-year-old outlaw was given a chance to write a letter to his mother before he was executed. It read:

“Dear Mother, As I am about to make my way to another country, I am taking this opportunity to write you a few lines. Probably you may never hear from me again. If not, I hope we meet where parting is no more.”

 

©Kathy Alexander/Legends of America, updated March 2025.

Also See:

Outlaw Gangs

Outlaw List

Outlaws on the Frontier

Outlaw & Scoundrel Photo Galleries

Sources:

Tahoe Weekly
Tom Rizzo
Enss, Chris; Outlaw Tales of California, Rowman & Littlefield, 2013