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T

Thistle: Of the genus called Silybum Adans, this flowering plant of the daisy family are native to the Mediterranean regions of Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. Commonly called Milk Thistle, Marian Thistle, Mediterranean Thistle, Mary Thistle, and Holy Thistle, it has been used for some 2,000 years to treat chronic liver disease and protect the liver against toxins. It has also been used to treat hepatitis, cancer prevention, and high cholesterol.

Tobacco – Officially called Nicotiana, there are over 60 species of tobacco, most of which are indigenous to Australia and America. Natural Tobacco (not chemical-filled tobacco) is a highly sacred medicine plant and is believed to be the ideal bridge between the human and spiritual worlds. The plants have long been important in Native American culture for social, religious, ceremonial purposes as well as in medicinal remedies. The leaves have long been used to treat pain, colic, kidney problems, dropsy, fever, colic, worms, convulsions, toothache, as an antidote for poison, skin conditions, boils, tuberculosis, vertigo, and to treat insect and snakebites. It does not need to be smoked but is still able to provide spiritual benefits, especially in purification ceremonies.

Tribulus – Also called Puncture Vine and Goats Head, this herb has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. Having an active compound called steroidal saponins, it is used for infertility, impotence, libido, skin conditions, muscle mass, infertility, urinary problems, and as a gargle for mouth problems.

U

Uva Ursi – Officially known as Arctostaphylos Uva Ursi, it is also known as Bearberry and Beargrape because bears like eating the fruit. It has been used medicinally since the second century, and Native Americans were known to have used it for bladder and urinary tract infections. It has also been effective for kidney problems, menstrual irregularities, cystitis, bloating, prostate inflammation, diarrhea, hemorrhoids, and spleen, pancreas, and small intestine disorders, and to remove toxins. Externally, it has been used to treat cuts, cold sores, herpes breakouts, and yeast infections. Pregnant women should not use Uva Ursi.

V

Valerian Root – Scientifically called Valeriana Officinalis, this hardy perennial flowering plant has been used as a medicinal herb since at least the time of ancient Greece and Rome. Traditionally, it has been used as a sedative, hysteria stress, intestinal colic, cramps, insomnia, restlessness, anxiety, muscle relaxant, gastrointestinal pain, and irritable bowel syndrome.

W

Western Skunk Cabbage – Officially known as Lysichiton Americanus, it is also called Yellow Skunk Cabbage or Swamp Lantern. Found in swamps and wet woods in the Pacific Northeast, it has a “skunky” odor that permeates the area where the plant grows. Native Americans used the plant as a medicine for burns and injuries and to cure sores and swelling. It was sometimes used as food in times of famine. The leaves have a somewhat spicy or peppery taste. However, it is not recommended that the cabbage be consumed as it contains calcium oxalate crystals, which cause a harsh prickling sensation on the tongue and throat and can result in intestinal irritation and even death if consumed in large quantities.

Wild Rose – Of the Rosa family, there are hundreds of species that have been used medicinally for thousands of years. Other common names include Sweetbriar, Briar Rose, Brier Hip, Dogberry, Hip Fruit, Witch’s Brier, and many others. The ripe fruit of the Wild Rose is a rich source of Vitamin C and is a reliable preventative and cure for the common cold. A tea from the hips is a mild diuretic and stimulates the bladder and kidneys. When the infusion of the petals is used, it is an ancient remedy for sore throats. Cherokee healers recommend a decoction of the roots for diarrhea. Other uses also include treatment for swelling, bladder, stress, digestion, infection, gout, rheumatism, fever, and to promote the immune, reproductive, circulatory, and nervous systems.

Western Hemlock – See Native Hemlock

Wheat Grass – Technically called Triticum Aestivum, Wheat Grass is a result of centuries of cultivating perennial wild grasses of temperate and cool regions. The use of wheatgrass has been reported to improve energy levels, strengthen the immune system and slow the development of various types of cancer. It has also been used to treat bronchitis, the common cold, cough, infection, anemia, and fever. In folk medicine, it has been used to treat cystitis, gout, chronic skin disorders, and constipation. It aids in digestion and has been found useful in colitis and other bowel conditions.

White Oak – See Oak

White Pine – Known as Pinus Strobus officially, and commonly as Deal Pine and Soft Pine, it is native to North America from Grows from Newfoundland to Georgia mountains and central Iowa, west to northern Illinois. The inner bark, young shoots, twigs, pitch, and leaves have long been used by Native Americans in medicinal remedies to treat colds, cough, flu, pneumonia, fever, heartburn, headache, arthritis, neuritis, bronchitis, croup, laryngitis, and kidney problems. Some Native American tribes used the inner bark or the sap as a poultice for wounds and sores. Pitch was used to “draw out” boils, splinters, abscesses, and it was also used for rheumatism, broken bones, cuts, bruises, and inflammation. A hot resin was sometimes spread on a hot cloth and applied for treating pneumonia, sciatic pains, and general muscular soreness.

White Willow  – Officially known as Salix Alba, this is a species of willow native to Europe and western and central Asia.
The use of willow bark dates back thousands of years, to the time of Hippocrates (400 BC), when patients were advised to chew on the bark to reduce fever and inflammation. It has long been used to treat pain –particularly low back pain, headache, and inflammatory conditions such as bursitis and tendinitis. Studies have identified several other components of willow bark that have antioxidant, fever-reducing, antiseptic, and immune-boosting properties. Some Native American Indians burned willow stems and used the ashes to treat sore eyes.

Wild Black Cherry – Scientifically known as Prunus Serotina, it is also commonly called Black Cherry, Rum Cherry, Mountain Black Cherry, Black Choke, Choke Cherry, and others. It is native to eastern North America from eastern Canada through southern Quebec and Ontario; south through the eastern United States to Texas and central Florida; with small populations in Arizona and New Mexico; and in the mountains of Mexico and Guatemala. The dried inner bark was traditionally used in tea or syrup for cough, “blood tonic,” fevers, colds, flu, laryngitis, cough, whooping cough, bronchitis, sore throats, asthma, high blood pressure, colic, edema, arthritis, diarrhea, lung ailments, eye inflammation, swollen lymph glands, tuberculosis, pneumonia, inflammatory fever diseases, and dyspepsia. It was also found useful for poor circulation, lack of appetite, and as a mild sedative. The Mohegan tribe allowed the ripe wild black cherry to ferment naturally in a jar for about a year than then drank the juice to cure dysentery and the Meskwaki tribe were known to have made a sedative tea of the root bark. Note that the leaves and seeds are poisonous.

Wild Cherry  – See Chokecherry

Wild Carrot – Technically known as Daucus Carota, it also has several other common names, including Bird’s Nest, Bishop’s Lace, and Queen Anne’s Lace. A flowering plant native to temperate regions of Europe and southwest Asia, it is naturalized to northeast North America and Australia. Like the cultivated carrot, the wild carrot root is edible while young but quickly becomes too woody to consume. A teaspoon of crushed seeds has long been used as a form of birth control; its use for this purpose was first described by Hippocrates over 2,000 years ago. Traditional use includes treating digestive disorders, kidney and bladder diseases, dropsy, flatulence, and menstrual problems. Ancient folklore said that to cure epileptic seizures, you should eat the dark-colored middle flower. The flower was also used in ancient rituals and spells for women to increase fertility and for men to increase potency and sexual desire. The Mohegan tribe was known to have steeped the blossoms in warm water to make tea for diabetes. The root can induce uterine contractions and so should not be used by pregnant women.

Wild Garlic – Officially called Allium Sativum, it has been used throughout its history for both culinary and medicinal purposes. Leaves, flowers, and bulbs have been used to treat diarrhea, colic, indigestion, asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, and loss of appetite. The juice is used to aid in weight loss and applied externally to rheumatic and arthritic joints. Garlic is also claimed to help prevent heart disease and cancer and lower cholesterol and high blood pressure.

Wild Ginger – Officially known as Asarum Canadense, it is also called Canada Wild Ginger and Canadian Snakeroot; it is native to forests in eastern North America, from the Great Plains east to the Atlantic Coast and southeastern Canada south to the southeastern United States. Native Americans used the roots as a seasoning as well as a medicinal herb to treat dysentery, digestive problems, swollen breasts, cough, and colds, typhus, scarlet fever, nerves, sore throat, cramps, earache, headache, convulsions, asthma, tuberculosis, urinary disorders, and venereal disease. They also used it as a stimulant and appetite enhancer.

Wild Lettuce – Formally known as Lactuca Virosa, it is also called Green Endive, Opium Lettuce, and Acrid Lettuce. Indigenous to North American, it was used for sedative purposes, especially in nervous complaints. The health benefits of wild lettuce tea have been well known for centuries, and some of the therapeutic actions of this herb are mentioned in ancient Egyptian writings and artwork. It has been used for treating dropsy, colic, insomnia, cough, anxiety, and stress.

Wild Yam – Also known as China Root, Colic Root, Devil’s Bones, Mexican Wild Yam, Rheumatism Root, and Yuma, it is officially known as Dioscorea Villosa. There are more than 150 species of wild yam, many of them developing edible tubers like potatoes. It has long been used to treat menstrual cramps, ease childbirth, poor libido, muscle spasms, colic, menopausal symptoms, eczema, rheumatic conditions, and gallbladder problems.

Wild Onion – There are over 600 species of onion (Allium) distributed all over Europe, North America, Northern Africa, and Asia. The onion family also includes shallots, leeks, chives, and garlic. The plants can be used as ornamentals, vegetables, spices, or as medicine. They have been used to treat colds, coughs, asthma, respiratory problems, bronchitis, and repel insects.

Willow – Of the Salix family, there are about 400 species of these trees and shrubs. The leaves and bark of the willow tree have been mentioned in ancient texts from Egypt and Greece for aches and fever. Native Americans across the American continent relied on it as a staple of their medical treatments. This is because willows contain Salicin, a substance that chemically resembles aspirin. It has also been used to treat pain, headache, toothache, mouth sores, stomach problems, and diarrhea. The Pomo tribe boiled the inner root bark to use in tea to induce sweating in cases of chills and fever. In the south, the Natchez prepared their fever remedies from the bark of the red willow, while the Alabama and Creek Indians plunged into willow root baths for the same purpose.

Witch Hazel – A proven astringent produced from the leaves and bark of the North American Witch-hazel shrub, officially known as Hamamelis Virginiana. It grows naturally from Nova Scotia west to Ontario, Canada, and south to Florida and Texas in the United States and was widely used for medicinal purposes by American Indians. The Witch Hazel extract was made by boiling the shrub’s stems to treat sore muscles, cuts, insect bites, skin irritations, sores, bruises, swelling, and to stop bleeding. The Menominee of Wisconsin boiled the leaves and rubbed the liquid on the legs of tribesmen participating in sporting games. A decoction of the boiled twigs was used to cure aching backs, while steam derived by placing the twigs in water with hot rocks was a favorite Potawatomi treatment for muscle aches. Early Puritan settlers in New England adopted this remedy from the natives, and its use became widely established in the United States. It has also been useful in treating acne, psoriasis, eczema, ingrown nails, cracked or blistered skin, poison ivy, varicose veins, hemorrhoids, and sunburn.

Wormwood – Officially called Artemisia Absinthium, it is also known as Absinthe and Green Ginger. Native to temperate regions of Eurasia and northern Africa, the leaves and flowering tops were gathered and dried to use in medicinal tonics for gastric pain, stomach ache, indigestion, labor pain, heartburn, and loss of appetite. The Yokia Indians were known to have used a tea of the boiled leaves of a local species of wormwood to cure bronchitis.

Y

Yarrow – Technically known as Achillea Millefolium, it is native to the Northern Hemisphere and has commonly been called Nosebleed Plant, Old Man’s Pepper, Devil’s Nettle, Thousand-leaf, and others. In Spanish-speaking New Mexico and southern Colorado, it is called Plumajillo, or “little feather,” for the shape of the leaves. In antiquity, yarrow was known as Herbal Militaris for its use in staunching blood flow from wounds. Yarrow has been traditionally used as a medicine for its astringent effects. Decoctions have been used to treat inflammation, hemorrhoids, headache, colds, flu, stomach ache, digestion, digestive, and urinary systems. In the nineteenth century, Yarrow was said to have a greater number of indications than any other herb. The flowers were often steamed and inhaled to treat hay fever and asthma and in teas for respiratory problems, as a wash for eczema and other skin conditions, and in chest rubs for cold, flu, and inflamed joints. The leaves encourage clotting, so it has long been used for nosebleeds and on open wounds or cuts.

Yellow Dock – Officially known as Rumex Crispus, this common weed of the Buckwheat family are originally introduced from Europe and is now naturalized throughout North America. Also known as Curly Dock, Sour Dock, and Narrow Dock, it was quickly adopted by Native Americans as traditional medicine and food. Both the leaves and roots were used by different tribes throughout North America to treat constipation, purify the blood, ringworm, and stomach aches. Externally, it was used for joint pain, itching, minor sores, diaper rash, and other skin irritations. The Navajo used the root as a tonic, considering it a “life medicine,” and Cherokee herbalists prescribe a warm wash made from the decoction of crushed roots for a disinfectant.

Yellow Root – Officially called Xanthorhiza Simplicissima, this woody-stemmed plant is native to the eastern United States from Maine south to northern Florida and west to Ohio and eastern Texas. While Yellow Root is toxic in large doses, Native Americans made a tea for treatment for mouth problems, stomach ulcers, stomach ache and used it externally on sores, skin conditions, and swelling. It has also been found to help lower blood pressure and liver health.

Disclaimer: These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration, and we make no medical claims nor intend to diagnose, treat, or heal medical conditions. Women who are pregnant or nursing or persons with known medical conditions should consult their physician before taking any herbal products.

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