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P.O. Box 19423
Lenexa,
KS 66285
913-708-5119
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Kansas Cowtowns - Lawlessness on the
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Junction City - Junction City, located on the
Kansas Pacific Railroad
line, was a secondary shipping point for the cattle trade. The city;
however, got its start long before the cattle trade was booming in
Kansas.
The first settlers arrived in the area in 1854, soon forming a town called
Pawnee on the military reservation of Fort Riley. The first
Kansas
Territorial Capitol was built in Pawnee in 1855. However, that
same year, Pawnee ceased to exist. Soon another settlement was built to
the south of the fort, first called Manhattan, before changing to Millard,
Humboldt, and finally Junction City in 1859.
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Historic Junction City,
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In November, 1866, the
Kansas
Pacific extended its line to Junction City, opening the settlement for
more people. In the late 1860's Junction City was a secondary shipping
point to the more popular cowtown of
Abilene,
some 20 miles away. Today, Junction City is home to almost 20,000 people.
Nearby Fort Riley is still an active military post.
Newton - Before the railroad arrived in Newton,
the area was only sparsely populated by a few homesteaders. However with
the anticipation of the railroad's arrival, a number of businesses were
soon established and when the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad
arrived on July 17, 1871, Newton became the shipping point of the immense
herds of
Texas cattle which prior to this time had been driven to
Abilene.
With the arrival the large herds of cattle, also came
cowboys,
gambers, "soiled doves," and roughs of every variety. To accommodate these
rowdy men and women, a portion of the fledgling city known as "Hyde Park"
developed which held no less than fifteen buildings devoted to "social
amusement," with such flamboyant names as the Do Drop In, the Side Track,
and the Gold Room. In total, the town boasted 27
saloons and eight gambling halls. During these days, Newton was filled
with with tales rivaled only by Dodge City and was called the "wickedest
city in the west." This reputation came primarily from the August, 1871
Gunfight at
Hyde Park, which ultimately resulted in eight men being killed
before, during and after the event.
The
cowboys
reigned supreme in Newton from during the 1871 cattle season, during which
time there were 12 documented killings, although by some estimates, there
may have been twice that many. However, by the next
trail driving season, the railroad had been extended to
Wichita and the
City of Newton had passed an ordinance prohibiting the running at large
animals in their city.
The city continued to be a railroad town for more than a century, along
with developing into an agricultural and industrial center. Today, it is
home to about 17,000 people.
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Wichita - The site of
Wichita was first settled in 1864 when J.R. Mead opened a trading post
there. The next year, Jesse Chisholm pioneered the Chisholm Trail and
trade quickly developed the area. In 1865, a townsite was platted and more
people moved in.
A short-lived army post known as Camp Beecher was
established nearby in 1868, but it was abandoned the next year. In 1872,
the railroad arrived, and Wichita became the destination for
Texas cattle being driven north along the Chisholm Trail for shipment
by rail to eastern markets. The following year 66,000 head of cattle were
shipped out of Wichita, twice as many as from Ellsworth. Serving as a
cowtown primarily from
1872 through 1876, the city devloped a rough part of
town called the "Delano" district that became the hub of gambling and
drinking activities in Wichita. Among its cast of characters was dance
hall proprietor named "Rowdy Joe" Lowe who shot and killed his business
rival, "Red Beard." Working in Wichita for a time was none other than
Wyatt Earp,
from 1875 and 1876 before he moved on to
Dodge City.
In 1876, the cattle trade moved westward, making
Dodge City
the new Queen of the Cowtowns.
However, Wichita continued to prosper and today is
the largest city in the State of
Kansas
and is known as the Air Capital of the
World as it developed into a major aircraft manufacturing hub.
Though the city has become a major metropolitan
area, a glimpse of its earlier
Old West
heydays can still be seen at the Old Cowtown Museum, which depicts life in
Wichita from 1865 to 1880. The museum provides 26 historic buildings and
reproductions with period interiors, furnishings, machinery, and
photographs plus live animals and
Old West
re-enactors.
©Kathy Weiser/Legends
of America, updated June, 2008
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From the Rocky Mountain General Store
Old
West Books -
Legends of America and
the
Rocky Mountain General Store has collected a number of
Old West
books for our frontier enthusiasts. For many of these, we have
only one available. To see this varied collection, click
HERE!
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