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Colorado
Forts - Page 2 |
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Fort
Logan (1887-1946) -
Although at the time Fort
Logan was established, the government was closing down many of the military
posts on the frontier, the citizens of Denver were apprehensive of the increased
immigration through the area and their relative isolation. Petitioning the
government for a military presence,
General Philip Sheridan
selected a site for the fort, located about nine miles south of Denver's Union Station. The
first soldiers arrived from
Forts Hays and
Leavenworth,
Kansas
in October, 1887 and began to build.
Temporary
barracks and a guardhouse were completed by the end of
the year and the next year, plans were made for more
permanent buildings. Construction began on permanent
buildings in July, 1888 which included officers'
quarters, a headquarters building, hospital, arracks,
stables and warehouses all surrounding a 32-acre
parade ground.
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Historic Fort Logan.
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The post was called "the camp near the city of Denver,"
but most locals referred to it as "Fort Sheridan." the
post was officially named "Fort Logan" in 1889, in honor
of General John Alexander Logan, who had served in the
Civil War.
That same year,
Colonel Henry C. Merriam came from Fort
Laramie,
Wyoming to become the
commanding officer, and five companies of the famed 7th Infantry came with him.
Troops from Fort Logan were dispatched to South Dakota in December 1890 to
assist in controlling a feared "Sioux uprising." However, assigned to
the northern part of part of the state, they did not take part in the fighting which culminated with the
Wounded Knee
Massacre.
In 1898, most of the Fort Logan troops were sent to Cuba
to fight in the Spanish-American War. In 1909, the number
of soldiers at the fort was dramatically reduced and in
became mostly a recruiting station. Over the next two
decades, with such limited staff, the large post
fell into disrepair to such an extent, that
many locals called it "Fort Forgotten."
This began to change in 1927, when it was re-garrisoned, and in 1940, it became
a sub-post of Lowry Field in east Denver. It then became a training facility for
the Army Air Corps and the inactive medical facilities began to be used once
again. The post was finally deactivated in May, 1946 and turned over to the
Veterans Administration. In 1959, 214 acres on the western edge were utilized to
create the fort Logan National Cemetery.
The Veterans Administration moved to a new location in 1951 and
afterwards, many of the buildings were leased out. In 1960, 308
acres were deeded to the State of
Colorado to establish a state
hospital, which became the Fort Logan Mental Health Center. Though a number of
new buildings were erected, many historic buildings continued to be used. The
name was changed in 1991 to the Colorado Mental Health Institute at Fort Logan.
Today, the 232 acre site includes the hospital as well as offices for several
other state agencies. The site is located at 3520 West Oxford Avenue in
Denver.
Fort Lyon (1860-1867) -
First established as Fort Wise just west of
Bent's New Fort,
it was built in 1860. See Full Article
HERE.
Fort Massachusetts
(1852-1858) -
Officially
established on
June 22, 1852, this military post was built on the west
bank of Ute Creek at the base of Mount Blanca in the San
Luis Valley of southern
Colorado.
Its objective was to protect travelers and settlers in the
area from Indian attacks. The first permanent settlement
in the state, the fort was described in 1853 as: "a
well-built stockade of pine logs, ten feet in height, and
enclosing very comfortable quarters for one hundred and
fifty men." Though the
Ute
Indians
had signed a peace treaty in 1849, as more and more
settlers moved into the area, the whites brought with them
diseases, encroached upon the
Indians'
land, and depleted the wild game, making hunting
difficult. As a result, the angry
Indians
raided settlers and villages for food. The troops at Fort
Massachusetts were tasked with stopping the raids with a
small garrison of soldiers. The post also provided a
headquarters for
Indian agents.
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In
1854, conflicts between the
Indians
and settlers reached a peak in what is known as the Fort
Pueblo Massacre. Fort
Pueblo was a trading post located in present-day
Pueblo, Colorado.
During a celebration at the fort, the traders let in a
group of Indians
who they thought were friendly. However, the
Indians
attacked, killing 15 men and kidnapping a woman and two
boys. The soldiers at Fort Massachusetts were fortified
with troops from Fort Union, New Mexico to permanently
subdue the Indians,
who were eventually forced to cede their lands in the San
Luis Valley.
In 1858, the Government,
concluding that that the swampy location of Fort
Massachusetts had been a poor selection and a new fort,
called Fort
Garland,
was built some six miles to the south. The troops were
moved to Fort
Garland
and Fort Massachusetts was abandoned.
Fort Morgan
(1864-1868) – The post was established in 1864 to
protect the mail service and immigrants along the Overland
Trail. During this time, the
Cheyenne and
Arapaho
Indians
were committing a number of raids in the area in response
to white settlers encroaching upon their hunting grounds
and in revenge for the
Sand Creek Massacre. Located on a
plateau called "Morgan Flats” about ˝ mile from the South
Platte River, the site was chosen for its commanding view
of the entire river valley. Initially construction of the
post was began by Colorado
Volunteers under the leadership of General Sam Brown, and
was first called Camp Tyler.
The really heavy work; however, was
completed by "Galvanized Yankees" under the command of a Captain
Williams. These troops were confederate soldiers released from
prison under the condition that they join the union army and
move west to fight the
Indians. At that time, the post’s name
was changed to Camp Wardwell.
When the fort buildings were complete, a detachment of Federal
soldiers from the Missouri Cavalry under Lieutenant Colonel
Willard Smith were garrisoned at the post, which was finally
christened "Fort Morgan" in honor of Colonel Christopher A.
Morgan. The post was about the size of one square city block and
included about 20 sod and adobe buildings surrounding a parade
ground. Staffed with up to 1,200 soldiers, it was the only army
presence between Julesburg,
Colorado to the east and the
populated regions of the Rocky Mountains to the west, it was the
largest organized armed presence for miles.
Immediately, the presence of the troops acted as a deterrent to
the Indian raids in the area and offered protection to travelers
along the "Fort Morgan Cut Off" of the Overland Trail. Within
just a few short years, the Union pacific Railroad completed its
line from North Platte,
Nebraska to Cheyenne, Wyoming, and most
of the Indian raids had been subdued. In 1868, the troops were
moved to Fort
Laramie, Wyoming and the fort was decommissioned.
The buildings were then sold at auction.
Today, there are no remains of the fort. The site is located in
the city of Fort Morgan at approximately the same location as a
Municipal Skate Park and Tennis Courts on Railroad Avenue.
Continued Next Page
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