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Tombstone,
Arizona - Page 2 |
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Wyatt Earp
This
image available for photographic prints
HERE!
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When
Wyatt Earp
arrived in Tombstone in December of 1879, he planned to establish a stage line
but soon discovered there were already two in the town. Instead, he
partnered with the owner of the Oriental
Saloon to run a gaming business for a quarter percentages of the
proceeds. He also took a side job as a shotgun
rider on the stage lines for Wells
Fargo shipments. James Earp established a
saloon on Allen Street. Virgil was already deputy marshal
of Tombstone and
Morgan
went to work with his brother as a lawman. Doc
Holliday and
Big Nose Kate would arrive in Tombstone
in early 1880.
Kate quickly realized the opportunity in
Tombstone,
setting up a large tent with several girls and lots of cheap whisky,
becoming the first "sporting house” in town.
Doc resumed his habit of gambling as usual.
Before the arrival of the
Earps
there was a group of working faction of cowboys in the area that lived off
of rustling cattle and robbing stagecoaches. These included the
outlaw
Clanton Gang, with
"Old Man" Clanton
and his sons,
Ike, Phin
and
Billy.
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Others included the
McLaury brothers,
Frank and
Tom;
Curly Bill Brocius,
and
Johnny Ringo. The notorious
cowboys and their followers lost no time in expressing their displeasure
at the arrival of the
Earps.
On May 1, 1880 the
Tombstone Epitaph,
the oldest continuously published newspaper in
Arizona,
was begun. By June, 1880 there were some 3,000 people in the new town
which had attracted its share of drifters, dancehall girls, outlaws,
saloon keepers and gamblers. Before long,
Tombstone
would be hailed as one of the most violent towns in the Southwest. The Tombstone,
Toughnut and Richmond Mines were producing millions in silver and the town
continued to grow.

Tombstone Epitaph
is
the oldest continuously published newspaper in
Arizona,
photo by Lee Russell,1937.
This
image available for photographic prints
HERE!
By
1881 there were some 8,000 people in the town which boasted more gambling
houses, saloons,
and the largest "red light” district in the Southwest. The town also
supported four churches, a school, two banks and an opera house.
In
February, 1881, former
Dodge City,
Kansas
lawmen Bat Masterson and
Luke Short joined
Wyatt Earp
in Tombstone. Both worked with
Wyatt at
the gaming tables at the Oriental
Saloon. On February 25, 1881,
Short got into a dispute with a man named Charlie Storms which resulted in a
gunfight in the street. Charlie Storms soon
lay dead in the dust from
Short's
quick drawn six-gun. Masterson
stayed in
Tombstone just a few short months before he was urgently summoned back
to Dodge City
to help his brother Jim.
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Meanwhile, the
Cowboy faction continued to rustle cattle in the area;
however, Deputy Marshal
Virgil Earp could
do nothing about it, as stealing cattle was a county offence for which the
town of
Tombstone had no jurisdiction. The
Earp
brothers, as well as
Doc Holliday constantly found themselves at odds with the
Cowboy faction, with multiple disputes between the "law” and the "lawless.”
On June 22, 1881, a fire destroyed most of the eastern
half of
Tombstone’s business district. Having no water to put out
the fire, buildings in the path of the fire were dynamited to slow the
engulfing flames. The
citizens of
Tombstone
blamed Marshall Ben Sippy
for not controlling the looting that followed the fire and
Virgil Earp, the senior deputy, was soon appointed marshal, a move that
antagonized the already hostile
Clantons.
On August 26, 1881, the
tension between the two factions finally culminated in the
gunfight at
the OK Corral, thirty seconds which would long be remembered in
history. The
gunfight between
Virgil,
Wyatt
and
Morgan Earp,
along with
Doc Holliday,
against five members of the
Clanton Gang, would leave
Billy Clanton,
Tom and Frank McLaury dead.
Virgil Earp
took a shot to the leg and
Morgan
suffered a shoulder wound.
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Doc Holliday
This
image available for photographic prints
HERE!
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As
Wyatt stood, still stunned, Sheriff
Johnny Behan appeared advising him he
was under arrest. The
Earps and
Doc Holliday were tried for murder but it was determined that the
Earps acted within the law.
Virgil was later terminated as
marshal for his role in the homicides.
On March 18, 1882, the cowboy gang killed
Morgan Earp
in retaliation for the
OK Corral
gunfight. The
entire
Earp
party would leave with
Morgan's body headed to
California. However,
Wyatt
and
Warren Earp,
along with
Doc Holliday
would jump off the train in Tucson and spend the next year chasing
down the members of the
Clanton Gang and killing them one by one. However, neither the
Earps
nor
Holliday
would ever return to
Tombstone.
On May 25, 1882 another fire devastated
Tombstone,
destroying most of the western half of
Tombstone's business district, including the
O.K. Corral. But the resilient citizens of the town would once again rebuild.
The
Cochise County Courthouse
was built in 1882. About the same time, the
Bird Cage Theatre brought "culture"
to the community, though it also served as a
saloon,
gambling hall and brothel. The New York Times called it,
"the wildest, roughest, wickedest honky tonk between Basin Street and
the Barbary Coast." That statement was well deserved, since the
Bird Cage was the scene for twenty-six deaths during its eight years of
business.
In 1886, a well was drilled striking
water and the citizens were thrilled. However, what they didn’t
realize was that this new found water would end the mining boom and almost
end the town. Immediately, water began to seep into the many mines
of the area. Though giant pumps were installed, the seepage could
not be stopped. When a fire burned the pumps of the Grand Central
Mine in 1886, the water claimed the mine for good. The disgruntled
miners soon found new employment in the copper mines of Bisbee and other
new mining towns. The nearby towns of Charleston and Millville completely
died and
Tombstone lost its boom-town
status and began to fade.
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Meanwhile, the
Cowboy faction continued to rustle cattle in the area; however, Deputy
Marshal
Virgil Earp could do nothing about it, as stealing cattle was a county
offence for which the town of
Tombstone
had no jurisdiction. The
Earp
brothers, as well as
Doc Holliday constantly found themselves at odds with the
Cowboy faction, with multiple disputes between the "law” and the
"lawless.”
On June 22, 1881, a fire destroyed most of the eastern half
of Tombstone’s
business district. Having no water to put out the fire, buildings in the
path of the fire were dynamited to slow the engulfing flames. The
citizens of
Tombstone
blamed Marshall Ben Sippy for
not controlling the looting that followed the fire and
Virgil Earp,
the senior deputy, was soon appointed marshal, a move that antagonized the
already hostile
Clantons.
Continued Next
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Doc Holliday
This image available for photographic prints
HERE!
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From the Rocky Mountain General Store
Old
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