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Apache -
Fiercest Warriors in the Southwest |
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An influx of Comanche into traditional
Apache
territory in the early 1700s forced the Lipan and other
Apache to
move south of their main food source, the buffalo. These displaced
Apache then
increased their raiding on the Pueblo
Indians and non-Indian
settlers for food and livestock.
Apache raids
on settlers and migrants crossing their lands continued into the period of
American westward expansion and the United States acquisition of
New Mexico
in 1848. Some
Apache bands and the United States military authorities engaged in
fierce wars until the
Apache were
pacified and moved to reservations.
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Apache
Dancers, 1906, courtesy Library of Congress.
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were subdued by 1868 and placed on a reservation at Fort Sumner in
eastern
New Mexico
with the
Navajo. The Western
Apache
and their Yavapai allies were subdued in the U.S. military’s Tonto
Basin Campaign of 1872-1873.
The
Chiricahua Chief Cochise
signed a treaty with the U.S. government in 1872 and moved with his
band to an
Apache reservation in
Arizona.
But Apache
resistance continued under the Mimbreno Chief Victorio from 1877 to
1880.
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Geronimo was one
of the fiercest
Apache
Chiefs that ever lived.
This
image available for photographic prints
HERE!
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The last band of
Apache
raiders, active in ensuing years under the
Chiricahua Warrior
Geronimo, was hunted down in 1886 and sent first to Florida,
then to Alabama, and finally to the
Oklahoma
Territory, where they settled among the Kiowa-Apache.
The major
Apache
groups, each speaking a different dialect, include the
Jicarilla
and Mescalero of
New
Mexico,
the
Chiricahua of the
Arizona- New
Mexico
border area, and the Western
Apache
of
Arizona. The Yavapai-Apache
Nation Reservation is southwest of
Flagstaff,
Arizona. Other groups were the Lipan
Apache
of south-western
Texas
and the Plains
Apache
of
Oklahoma .
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The White Mountain
Apache
Tribe is located in the east central region of
Arizona,
194 miles northeast of Phoenix. This group manages the popular
Sunrise Park Ski Resort and Fort
Apache
Timber Company. The Tonto
Apache
Reservation was created in 1972 near Payson in eastern
Arizona.
Within the Tonto National Forest, northeast of Phoenix, the
reservation consists of 85 acres, serves about 100 tribal members, and
operates a casino.
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Noted leaders have
included
Cochise,
Mangas Coloradas, Chief
Victorio and
Geronimo, who the U.S. Army found to be fierce warriors and skillful
strategists.
In 2000 U.S. census about 57,000 people
identified themselves as
Apache only;
an additional 40,000 people reported being part
Apache. Many
Apache live
on reservations in
Arizona and
New Mexico.
Farming, cattle herding, and tourist-related businesses are important
economic activities. The modern
Apache way of
life is a mixture of traditional beliefs and rituals, such as mountain
spirit dances, and contemporary American culture.
Kathy Weiser/Legends
of America, © Updated July, 2007
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Apache
Teepees in
Arizona, 1907.
This
image available for photographic prints
HERE!
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From the Rocky Mountain General Store
 Native
American Photo Prints -
Vintage photographs of famous chiefs, heroes, and
Indian
life in the 19th century.
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