Major General George B. McClellan: Commander of

 the Military Division of the Potomac, and later, the Army

 and Department of the Potomac.

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The Peninsula Campaign, also known as the Peninsular Campaign, was a Union offensive that took place from March through July, 1862, with the intention of capturing Richmond. The strategic concept was the brainchild of Union Army Commander-in-Chief Major General George B. McClellan, who felt his Army of the Potomac could avoid high casualties by not marching south on Richmond from northern Virginia, but rather, by moving by water. The first large-scale offensive in the Eastern Theater, McClellan made arrangements with the Union Navy to first transport his army to the Peninsula, then, continuing on via the James and York Rivers, the army’s flanks would be protected as they advanced.  

The Army of the Potomac had approximately 50,000 men at Fort Monroe when McClellan arrived, but this number grew to 121,500 before hostilities began. Transporting these men, almost 15,000 horses and mules, and 1,150 wagons was an enormous task. It required 113 steamships, 188 schooners, and 88 barges.

Though McClellan was initially successful against General Joseph E. Johnston, the emergence of General Robert E. Lee changed the character of the campaign and turned it into a humiliating Union defeat.

It was in these final battles, known as the Seven Days Battles, occurring from June 25 to July 1, with Lee in command of the Confederates, that the tides were turned to McClellan on the defense.

The tenacity of Lee's attacks and the sudden appearance of Stonewall Jackson's "foot cavalry" on his western flank unnerved McClellan, who pulled his forces back to a base on the James River. Lincoln later ordered the army to return to the Washington, D.C., area to support General John Pope's army in the Northern Virginia Campaign and the Second Battle of Bull Run.

In the end the Union would suffer some 15,000 casualties to the the Confederate's 19,000.